PENICILLIN : A Major break through in Medical Science

introduction

doctors always advised  antibiotic drugs like penicillin for bacterial infection.

it was discover by Alexander Fleming in 1928 just by accident who don't have any medicinal knowledge but his great observation skill made him the game changer.for this he got noble prize.

it was first antibiotics which was discovered till date. they attack on bacterial infection part or the regions of body where bacteria makes their own home by multiplying one to two.two to four and so on.so by cell division concept and analogy they multiply much faster. so in that case penicillin play a very crucial role to fighting against them. 

but you know everything have some pros and cones so definitely it also posses big risk. by taking overdose,it will become resistant. what does i mean by that ?

so to tackle that crispy question, let me do some research which to substantiate and flash out at various point. 

u know, long before Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin , people were using antibiotics to combat infection.in late mid 18th century around, so many written text came into limelight who support really well about how penicillin is crucial for saving human lives.  yeah there is a question that for every health issue can we prefer antibiotics like penicillin ? 

to fight bacterial infection  antibiotic always comes into picture

i believe no. why ? 

because as i already told you antibiotic work only for bacterial infection . a person supposed to take antibiotics must have some health problems where bacterial infection already takes place.

in case you have health problems which is not caused by bacterial attack and it is because of viruses like in case of most upper respiratory problems for ex- common cold ,flu etc. so in that scenario antibiotic do not give you a  major breakthrough.so there is a condition oriented limitation for antibiotics.

so i came back to the same question where i left out. so there was a written texts from ancient civilization include Rome,Egypt,and china discussed power of moldy bread applied to diseased skin.so same story goes with Alexander Fleming who just by accident discovers penicillin .

so medicinal fungi, plants and natural agents for biochemical basis of the medicine so this is where antibiotic like penicillin came into picture. the behavior has been documented in many species from caterpillar to sheep. 

these days therapeutic molecules or targeted therapy which is also known as biological therapy has been on trending. under this therapy , cancer cells has been blocked by interfering with specific targeted molecules needed for reducing tumor growth.

facts about penicillin 

• first antibiotic that doctor used 
• several antibiotics in penicillin class like ampicillin ,amoxicillin and penicillin G.
• infecting bacterial cells wall and damage them completely
  
  
   
• less than 1% of people are dangerous allergic to penicillin.

GRAPHENE : new material on planet earth

many of the researchers and scientist who have a lots of curiosity in their mind to explore this amazing material like graphene. many material scientists still want to spend some more time to rediscover this material more and more.

now you can ask this question to me as a reader what do you mean by graphene ?

let me tell you very frankly, its composed of two terms graphite plus ene. so basically its sub part of graphite material in hexagonal structure.if i can explain more i would like to say it's 2D semi metal who just carbon lattice structure. its very flexible and robust type material.its first existence came in 2004 then many discoveries progressing on and so many material scientist work on it. they found that its a conducting material where electricity flow very rapidly.

just 6 years later from 2004, it has been found that it has been stacked in form of different layers.it has been exist on its own without being chemically bonded to other element.  researchers used the carbon lattice to create a chip & effective solar powered purifier & desalination.  

material scientist found that when  a graphene is layered , it losses many of its properties,including  flexibility & conductivity.

here magic of graphene will not end here. you know , when your discharge mobile plugin into charging then within a frame of  seconds it will completely charge. so charging of device  can quicker and hold more power for longer.

graphene used in capacitors now resulted into super capacitors. which can hold enormous amount of charge.

BLACK HOLE : Mystery which remain unsolved for scientist

black hole which involves big mystery

its simply means a region of space where there is great intense of gravity , that does not allow any matter or radiation to escape once it entered.it is simple as that which i know through my some basic research and concept which i have leaned through my engineering time.

OK , now why i select this topic to address here  .you may wonder to think that its something which is existing, having some evidence but still could not resolved.

www.sciencenews.org

few days back i have gone through news that NASA has been successfully launch  that   project named event horizon telescope. NSF has been investing his funds to this project which became   successful  so much. to get the image of shadow of   black hole ,it involved 8 ground based radiation telescope around that globe. which is operating together as single complex enlarged telescope which is equivalent  to size of an earth.

you know here i use the term event horizon ,what does this  mean by that. let me clear from beginning that something which comes within a black hole called or considered as  event horizon.

its big dream project which has been accomplished  by NASA teams and its associate partner agency.  the great brain like Albert Einstein once mentioned in his thesis ''special theory of relativity''

under his theory it had been mention that BLACK hole is something that can gulp down matter. the concept of existence's of black hole in space had been started in late 1730 year.

but i also want to add something more and more here, as per hawking research black holes can emit particles or radiation and on the name of hawking its known as hawking radiation. its very hard to be live but yeah its true as per research conducted by Stephan hawking.

How Biomass play a very crucial role to shaping the greenery of earth

if i belongs to other planets except earth may be mars or may be a new person who are living in other galaxy ,then suppose i have to explain the existence of life possibility on earth. how can i explain that .for that somebody gives me million of dollars to just explain and elaborate the greenery life of this amazing planet.

can i explain it by just saying that this no of plants or biodiversity having there so that it..how really cool Na , you might be making fun of that.

its not an essay competition like that..now coming back to same question. so as per new census of life expectancy suggest that its mass who really depicts overall situation. as per census data plant covers 83% of total masses on earth.so plant keeps a great share of earth diversity. so its a very natural question that how much do others life forms contribute ?? the answer is bit complex.

see ,in this scenario there are about 7.6 billions humans on earth.so definitely to satisfy human needs lots of works supports deforestation by cutting down million of trees every across the globe. 

humans are definitely in minority at least in terms of weight. but situation is different so its a genuine question in your mind that why so much buzz of that like things.they are small in no as i say earlier approx 7.6 billions which is equivalent to more than 75 crore population in earth. so on the other hands plant covers 83% of total mass of earth planet.

researchers used mathematics and statics to make an educated guess about how much life is out of there.so you really surprised to know that total biomass on our earth is about the same as that of all world termites. i used the term biomass , what does it mean that ?? 

biomass simply means carbon as key ingredients in all physical basis of life or u can say from your bookish knowledge that it is a matter which contain carbon and can be used as fuel especially in power station for generation of electricity.

plants are a kind of biomass, that why i give huge credit to plants for shaping our life full of green.we should really respect that. overs the years ,scientist around the world have conducted a survey about the every individual species that contribute a lot for our planet..

now you really get shock ,only 2% of greenery lands are available of crops farming for our farmers.thats  the reason why farmers are going to suicide due to lack of green lands. if i go to more depth then i could like to tell you  most of the greenery or green fertile lands are founds in tropical regions.. so you really know to wonder that as per recent study 43%  of earths trees grows in tropical atmosphere. but you ask me what do you mean by tropical regions.. hold on !!

tropical regions are those parts of lands which are close to equator. so the regions which lies near equator are so much warm region. i mean they hold  a very high temperature so  that parts of regions are so much hot and warmer compare to other places. so rest of the 57% of plants are distributed across different domains of regions. so my point is very clear. but what about the regions or area of land which lies near to pole.. so here again you would like to ask me what do you mean by pole .

pole- it is the cold regions of planet that exist farthest from equator. so most of the countries or part of land which have less temperature  like arctic regions where temperature is very less so all the time climate is same . 

as per recent  study , by 2050, earth may host 7.7 billions people of our human biomass  but you really wonder to know that it is the bacteria which contribute a great portion in terms of biomass. which is a key source of carbon.you really wonder to know that 86% of life prefers living on land which is little bit of surprising from the fact that 3 quarters of globe is covered by water ....

now its my responsibility to keep my facts very clear and concise.so i would presents a full facts regarding the share of biomass in terms of carbon ingredients by each group which can give you the total biomass of earth

plant =450 gigaton of carbon

bacteria =70 gigaton of carbon

fungi=12 gigaton of carbon

animal arthropods= 12 gigaton of carbon

protist or protozas kingdom = 7 gigatons of carbon 

viruses =0.2%  of carbon

Dramatic Revolution in internet science duniya :

Undoubtedly, country like india counted as no.1 in broadband internet consumption when jio land its free internet plan with variety of schemes. On this effect, so many private leading telecom companies reduces their prices of data usage. Its feel really good ,being a customer  we really very low prices of this services. Many times these companies complained to TRAI regulatory board about jio exceeding limits of free data usage but nothing could happen so much.

Recently i gone through a news that jio like company have a plants to spreading its optical fibre cable through to get better excess worldwide so that no one can beat them.
But do you really think it could help india to move ahead in telecom it sector ??
I believe definitely not ?? Why ?
See if you turned your head towrads north east countries then you really shocked that they have far better plans than us.

SpaceX ceo elon musk's has received permission to launch 12000 satelites into orbits to provide internet coverage. He wants to make space internet so compatible that each small and big browising activities can easily sort out. No doubt, still fibre optic cable can fulfill our basic internet activities. But let me be very clear, there is still some sector where there is need of high speed internet. For high trading activities each seconds or mili seconds will really matter. So i think this is the solution that elon musk think.

His company spacex  gets permission by US fedral commission to set up a vast network of thousands of low orbits communication satelite. So this deal named as starlink project consisting of 4425 satelites, orbitting between 1100 and 1300 km up. You may think how it' possible ???

Think for a while!!! Its really a challenging job , sending 4425 satelites into earth lower orbits isn't so diffucult ?
Yes i will agree with your thought becoz here you can argue with me "look man !! in space already so many communication satelites of various countries , so its a big risk when this great no of satelite lauched under starlink project may collided with their neighbouring satelites.. Is there any cool way to minimize this collision ?

Yes , there is. What i have gone through a new scientist blog , i found that they already set up a advanced simulation algorithm to monitor this operation. So chances are very very less..so it could impact a larger way than fibre optic cable does....

You might surprised that launching a single satelite costs 10 million $ so a very great price needed for this project.
  I think this is a very welcoming step taken by elon musk. But do you really think its only elon musk who could think like this, definitely not. Yes men you heard it right.

Google parent company , ALPHABET
Launching same story by the name of "project loon" .under this they building a high altitude ballons to bring the internet fast in remote areas from stratosphere

Facebook company , tried  to build a high power  solar drones which wingspans larger than boeing 737 wings that shoot the internet on earth via laser technique.but unfortunately due to several setbacks there one drone completly crashed. So they drop this high budget idea in june ,18.

A handful of other group of countries who have been serving the internet to remote places from space for more than a decade. But they have certain limitation and drawbacks so it couldn't work the way , it should expected at the time of launching..

Being a indian blogger, i wish in future our country india also took a great intrest and launching a project which can strengthen our country in a very bigger way..

So , i think i made my point very crystal clear and u have gone through some amazing information. But u have so many question coming in your mind.  I agree

Or ase sawal uthna lajmi hi , so ap logo ke mind me koi bi question ho, koi bi doubt ho u can comment and share your thoughts....

So plz, comment on my blog , if you find it intresting..
Jay hind , jay bharat !!!

Is really health matrr for school kid ??

As its very obvious and i really accept this thought that health is the primiarily issue where we should really address very properly...why shouldn't ??
In india like country, where education is always taking as a basic nutrient for life survival.indian parents always expect from their child a very good performer in education grades.they don't really how much their child is creative or intellect.so as a blogger from indian community i always feel very ashamed and little bit cornered . But i think there is a solution.as little bit i may divert from real topic which i should have addressed just becoz lacking of proper education system .
Now i coming on main issue , health and sanitation  which really decide the big factor for growth of any developping countries. There is a proper health mangement system should be there....
Recently itly taken a great stand on school going kid.they ban the school going children at age of 6 years or above  if they dont take proper vaccine of disease like measels,chickenpox,polio. So they issue a very hard guidelines for guardian for taking proper vaccination of child.actually its not only russia who taken this step, rather there are some developed countries who are doing this long before ago.countries like russia,germany, frnace,usa and some north east countries who are doing excellent job in this field..
Si i think, there should be a proper health and sanitation system which should really improve the health status of children so that they can play a very crucial role to developing a healthy nation....
If as a reader ,if you have any query just write down on comments and express your thoughts....

Play holi but Play Naturally

Undoubtedly , holi is celebrated as one of those festivals which disseminate the flavoured joy, happiness and prehistoric culture of hindu religion.it is also known as vasant mahotsava. Farmers have some special meaning of this festival becoz its the time when their harvest crops come in home.but time to time its way of celebrating and meaning somewhat changed as per my context. I really agree with the fact, " bura na mano holi hi" but people always take this wrong sense.
In acient times, holi was meant for fun and safe too. Becoz at that time the coloured materials which we had used is mainly comes from or you can say extracted from seasonal herbs or petals of flowers were used.they were so natural and eco friendly that it does not create any side effects. Now in present scenario, this kind of culture and tradition becomes dwindling and undermining. Why ??
The logic behind of this, is use of harmful chemical dyes or synthetic contents used alongside coloured have a long term side effects. Its so dangerous , even a common men can't realise this fact.
Now days various privte owned factories or company comes with chemicalled bases colour or gulal.
Usually 4 types of chemical colours are used in to celebrate holi.
1).Holi-gulal
2).dry powered coloured
3).paste
4).water colour

Each chemical colour has 2 components - a  colourant and a base or solvent. Here , colourant part of colour is for developing the colour. Several heavy metals such as cadmium , chromium, iron,lead, mercury, or toxic coal tar dyes or azo dyes such as auramine - responsible for yellow colour , malachite -for green colour, rhodamine-for orange colour, methylene -for blue colour and others are used as colourants part of any holi colour. In case of gulal abir like things they contaminate various inorganic coloured salts , to develop dry powdered colours.
Now i , come to the second part of this topic where i started i.e. base or solvent. The solvent or base forms the type and texture of colours.
For instances , sand ,starch,mica,silica,chalk powder are used as a base in making gulal. Its a myth that Gulal is considered as mildest and harmless colour used in holi , practically it is not true. Often engine oil, other inferior quality oil is used in making these colours.

Natural colours, it is skin frindly and washable natural plant derived colours. Flowers of kesula and gainda produce yellow colour. Mehendi and other dried leaves are producing green colour. Bark of few tree species provide brown colour while beet roots produce magenta shade.  I think for playful pouring and throwing of coloured powders or gulal made from natural sources such as kumkum, kesar ,haldi , chandan, besan, neem,ragnigandha and others have a healing effect on human body.
But here a question comes in mind ,is that practically posdible to make natural colour at home ?? The answer is yes. Yes it is possible. The raw materials of these natural colours that we got from seasonal herbs are very cheap, easily available and can be easily prepaired at home. But what about those group of people who willingly or unwillingly not able to make like this ? For that kind or class of people there is a good alternative approach.
In year 2003, a group of indian scientust from csir NBRI, luckbow developed a process of extracting natural colour from dry petals of flowers such as marigold,rose, butterfly pea. Some of the herbal gulals available in the market are prepaired as per know -how developed by csir-NBRI.
In 2005, scientist and researchers if chemical engineering department of jadavpur university, kolkata developed organic dyes from flowers. So that is a great baby step taken by jadavpur university.
Eventually i conclude the whole pointa in a very simple manner , use natual colours prepaired from flowers and herbs , we not only save our skin but also help save our environment and conserve biodiversity ....